Research Article
A vital role of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor was angiogenesis in kidney, that one of the most heavily vascularized organs. the current study aimed to analyze the genotype frequency of VEGF gene polymorphism (-460, -2578 and +936) between 104 hypothyroidism patients at the dialysis unit in Basrah Hospitals and 60 healthy controls, also studied effect on serum level VEGF-A. Methods: Amplification Refractory Mutation System Real-Time PCR (ARMS RT-PCR) was used to identify the VEGF -460 C/T, -2578C/A, and +936 C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in all included patients. Results: In comparison to the patient group, the control group had a larger distribution of the VEGF-460 C/T genotype .The CC genotype of -460 SNP showed a higher frequency with the hypothyroidism patients on hemodialysis. For VEGF – 2578 C/A, VEGF + 936 C/T, for cases and healthy control persons, we did not find any differences in genotypes that were statistically significant (p=0.7 and p=0.5, respectively). The dominant model showed a significant association with the protective effect of subclinical hypothyroidism .However ,no significant association was observed between this polymorphism and subclinical hypothyroidism susceptibility in recessive model and allele frequency for -460 C/T. There was no association between -460 rs 833061 polymorphism with overt hypothyroidism in all genetic models .There was no association between VEGF-2578 C/A and +936 C/T polymorphism with hypothyroidism (subclinical ,overt) in all genetic models .VEGF levels in serum from patients were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects . Conclusion: The VEGF gene is highly polymorphic, and some variations may be connected to ESRD in hypothyroid patients. The pathophysiology of chronic kidney failure may be significantly influenced by VEGF polymorphisms, Our findings indicated that VEGF polymorphisms decreased the risk of hypothyroidism. Since this the first study ,further studies with different races are required to confirm our results.
Keywords: Single nucleotide; polymorphism, hypothyroidism, hemodialysis, vascular endothelial; growth factor
The aim of the present study was reported to evaluate the dispersal pattern of T-bet stained intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the patients with the celiac diseases (CD). Methods: 250 patients had participated in this study. These patients were diagnosed with the CD by relying on the assimilation of clinical pathology features. A routine process of duodenal biopsied tissues were conducted onto the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), and T-bet were used to prepare and stain the sections. The distribution of intraepithelial lymphocytes was evaluated. IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) analytic software was used to analyze the results. Results: T-bet stained cells counts and the rise of intraepithelial lymphocytes P-value = 0.001 are significantly correlated. The IELs distribution was regular distribution in the majority of cases and only one case had IELs distribution in the body of the villi. The IELs distribution pattern in CD cases might be an early indicator of the disease. Conclusions: This can be used in the Diagnosing and follow up of the patients with celiac disease.
Keywords: Celiac Disease, Intraepithelial Lymphocytes, Hematoxylin, Eosin, T-bet, Coeliac disease, Diagnosing, Gluten sensitive.
Among the many by-products of coffee production, coffee husk is produced in large quantities in coffee-producing countries like Ethiopia. Apart from that, the husk highly pollutes environment since the majority of coffee-processing industries dispose it into open air where the compounds contained in coffee husks represent threat to environment. Analysis of the detrimental effects of coffee husks on the environment. In the present work, five concentrations of husk extracts (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) mgl-1 were experimentally analysed for extractable phenolic, chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, tannin, and trigonelline, respectively, for coffee husk collected from Buno Bedele and Illubabor zones of the Oromia Region Government, Ethiopia. The coffee husk contained 56% of chlorogenic, 58% of caffeine, and 60% of total extractable tannins. The findings showed incrementally increasing acidic elements that have an environmental impact.
Keywords: Caffeine, chlorogenic, tannins, UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, coffee husk
The study aimed to prepare organic compounds that are more resistant to fungi, where antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites change their shape over time and do not respond to drugs, which poses a threat to health and development at the global level. New compounds have been prepared from heterocyclic imidazole rings, chalcone, and cyclic-chalcone compounds. Although some new antibiotics are being developed, none of them is expected to be effective in combating the most dangerous forms of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but these compounds have been studied on several Different types of microbes, some prepared to know their effectiveness in eliminating microbes., Also organic identifications were carried out to supporting results in this study .
Keywords: imidazole, cycle, bacteria, microbe, medical, health
As a result of the development in modern studies in the field of polymers, wood, glass and ceramics have been dispensed with and replaced with polymers manufactured from indole and azo due to their low density, physical properties, strength, hardness, ease of preparation and molding as required. The azo compounds entered the composition of some polymers, and this increased their importance in several fields, and spread widely in the field of various chemical industries. The indole-containing polymers with the azo group are known as large molecules with a group (N=N) in their side chain, which are characterized by high stability prepared from the multiple condensation reactions of diamine compounds with carbonyl compounds As a result of the development in modern research in the field of polymers, wood, glass and ceramics have been dispensed with and replaced with polymers manufactured from indole and azo due to their low density, physical properties, strength, hardness, ease of preparation and molding as required. Indole-Azo ligands screened with ( Uv. Vis , FT.IR, Mass) –Analysis besides to Thermal studies, bacterial resistance study.
Keywords: indole, azo, chalcone, ligand, dentate, amine, diazo
Innovative Macrocyclic Formazan Compounds as a bio-compounds were generated and advanced globally designed for the initial stage by investigator Professor. Dr. Nagham M. Aljamali in 2019) via more than five steps of reaction with various catalyst like (Sodium- alkali 5% ,Pipridine, trimethyl amine , etc.). For that reason, these invented compounds act one of the advanced and new assemblies which have a deficiency of references and researches which lead us to prepare and create a restraint of these innovated compounds and studied by abundant requests in future literatures represented by biological, pharmaceutical, nano, antimicrobial studies, also as anticancer agents ,Normal Formazan was first synthesis over a century ago, but still attention of chemists ,biologists ,technologists and other specialists and here in this research. A numeral of applied spectroscopic studies have been used to revel their chemical assemblies which delivered to sturdy indications of their chemical assemblies through various technical devices like (FT IR-Ranges, 1H.NMR-Ranges, 13C.NMR-Ranges)., Also anticancer study
Keywords: Macrocyclic Formazan, Normal Formazan ,Schiff base, Azo, Anil, innovative compounds, breast cancer
Health price of victorious and synthetic rapid muscle gain is never cheap. Many young recreational bodybuilders deceived by muscle dysmorphia search a shortcut to rapid muscle definition, muscle gain muscle hardness, tempted dally to involve steroids in their trainings cycle such as Trenbolone Acetate, one off the most effective metabolic violent steroids with very strong anabolic and psychopathologic potential (Roid Rage) considerably more stronger than testosterone promoting rapid muscle mass with relative muscle hardness and definition. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted from beginning of June, 2019 till end of June, 2021 at the Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo and included 72 subjects age 18-35 (37 subjects who have Trenbolone Stack in their anabolic steroids cycles and impellers group consisting of 35 subjects who have Trenbolone Stack in their anabolic steroids cycles ) Potential Cardiovascular Side Effects are investigated For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the examined groups non-parametar and parameter tests were used. The difference at a level of p<0,001was statistically significant. Results: In all tested subjects we investigated increasing potential damage of cardiovascular parameters age 17-30 years after two years study. Analysis shows the no statistically significant influence of cardiovascular damage in Trenbolone acetate group (p<0,001), compared to non Trenbolone acetate abuser group (p<0,001). Conclusion: Anabolic steroid stacking have generally destructive cardiovascular potential abusing by young bodybuilder. Young bodybuilding Subjects who involved Trenbolone acetate in their steroid cycles compare with another anabolic steroids abuser group had bath significant devastating impact on cardiovascular system but significantly more psychosocial problems in trenbolone acetate group such as called Roid Rage.
Keywords: Anabolic Steroids, Cardiovascular Side Effects, Trenbolone acetate, Stacking effect
Varicose veins and vein insufficiency as is mostly aesthetic problem disease with hidden etiology witch is treated endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) method in most cases. The progression of Venous abnormalities in lower extremities with sport connection or exercise training among athletes aged 20-30 is relatively unknown. But is still in scientific eye the excesses recommendation in varicose patients witch is better; Stationary Bike Exercise Training with Sports Compression Socks or Jogging on Treadmill and witch sport can or even have the potential to reduce the pathological process preventing the futures stage of vein insufficiency with the development of pathological reflux of saphenofemoral junction and leg ulcers. Aim: study Focused Clinical Question. Is any sport exercise limitation in young varicose vein patients and with recommendation is better for young adults (treadmill jogging or stationary cycling including weights lifting)? Patients and methods: This study was conducted from the beginning of July, 2018 till end of July, 2021 at the Clinic of Cardiovascular department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo and Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sarajevo, included 142 patients in young age 20-30 with varicose vein (72 nonsurgical patients were observed during one year on standard weight lifting and Treadmill sport excise with and without Sports Compression Socks and control group consisting of 70 nonsurgical were observed during one year patients on Stationary Bike and weight lifting and with and without Sports Compression Socks), male and female patients, in Stage 1: Spider Veins and Stage 2: Varicose Veins / Ropey Veins without pathologic reflux of saphenofemoral junction. Results: Analysis shows the no statistically significant difference between Stationary Bike Exercise Training with Sports Compression Socks or Jogging on Treadmill Sports Compression after one year study (p> 0.005). Conclusion: Stationary Bike Training with Sports Compression Socks provide better protection as an alternative of Treadmill jogging with Sports Compression Socks for progression of futures stage of vein insufficiency and can be potentially recommended, but still need more evidence and large number of subjects to acknowledge this science clamed.
Keywords: Varicose veins, Vein insufficiency, Compression Socks, Jogging, Stationary Cycling, Weights lifting
To the assessment of Apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism variations (E2/E3, E3/E4, E3/E2, E2/E4, E2/E2, E4/E4) and correlation with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (ACCP) antibodies in Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the rheumatologic outpatient department at Baghdad teaching hospital and included forty-five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (seven male and 38 female) enrolled in the study. APOE and ACCP levels were estimated by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to investigate APOE SNP (rs7412 and rs429358). Results: The results of this study reveal the statistical difference in the level of Apo E between the patients and the control group. The mean of the APOE in the patient's group compared to the control group (p-value <0.001). The results also show a significant difference between the level of ACCP in the patient group compare to the control group (p-value <0.001 ). In the RA and control groups, the results of (rs7412 and rs429358) (T, C) genotyping showed that (17vs.11) carry homozygous genotype (E2/E2), whereas (52 vs. 61) homozygous genotype (E3/E3), and (16vs14) respectively homozygous genotype (E4/E4). Since the frequency in these groups is (5vs4) of heterozygous genotype (E2/E4) in both the RA and control groups. Heterozygous anthers were not present in the sample group (E2/E3, E3/E4). Since our sample had small subgroups of APOE E2/E4 (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences in APOE and ACCP levels but not significant in genotyping analysis between RA and control groups.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, APOE, ACCP, SNP
In order to ensure effective management and the prevention of groundwater contamination within the watershed, it is required to conduct an accurate susceptibility study. Because it is a resource that is necessary for human existence, the creation of goods from agriculture, and the operation of machinery in industrial settings, groundwater needs to be adequately monitored and preserved for future use. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that an accurate evaluation of the groundwater contamination vulnerability index be performed using ResNet-18. The groundwater vulnerability index is a helpful tool for analyzing the state of the environment in various parts of the world, and the ResNet-18 model is able to lend a hand in the effort to accomplish this goal. The research indicated that ResNet-18 was a powerful tool for improving the evaluation of groundwater contamination vulnerability, and that it may help in ensuring the safety of the environment by reducing the likelihood of contamination. These findings were presented in the form of conclusions that were drawn from the research. This was demonstrated by the fact that it assisted in improving the assessment of the potential for contaminating groundwater supplies.
Keywords: Chemical, Nitrate, ResNet, Deep Learning
The field of chemical hyperspectral (CHS) imaging is one that is still in the process of evolving, but it already has a wide range of applications in a variety of fields, including the military and the civilian sector. The detection and localization of materials based on the known spectrum properties of those materials is one application that may be carried out with the use of HS spectral data. In this paper, we develop a deep convolutional neural network to sense the minerals from the hyper spectral images using remote sensing. The images collected are used to classified using the deep learning model that classifies the instances and provides accurate results. The simulations are conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the model in detecting the minerals from the hyperspectral images. An accuracy of 92% is obtained during testing than other methods
Keywords: Chemical Hyperspectral Imaging, Convolutional Neural Network, Remote Sensing
With intense competition that exists in the mining sector around the world, improvements in both product performance and energy economy are absolutely important. This presents a one-of-a-kind obstacle due to the fact that the demand for raw resources is constantly growing, despite the fact that vast supply of high-quality commodities are rapidly running out. The ability to correctly identify chemicals is a skill that is crucial to the investigation of a wide range of subjects. Conventional methods for determining the identity of chemicals take a significant amount of time and demand a substantial number of resources due to the fact that they impose a significant amount of reliance on the knowledge of the identifier as well as on external equipment. Technology based on deep learning has made it possible for people to identify chemicals in a way that requires significantly less time and effort, as well as a significant reduction in the number of errors produced.
Keywords: Chemical, Mining, Big Data, Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
When it comes to the problem of expressing intricate non-linear interactions, one relatively recent development in the field of mathematical modelling is the application of artificial neural networks, which are also abbreviated as ANNs in some instances. In this paper, we develop a machine learning prediction model for predicting the flow of mass transfer in an alumina matrix porous media. Consider of a cylinder with a catalyst layer on its surface and a porous media surrounding it that is completely filled with fluid except for the one end. This cylindrical device is typical of a catalytic reactor. When the cylinder is heated to a constant temperature, the chemically reactive zeroth-order material is predicted to completely coat the outside of the vessel. Reinforced porous materials undergo a continual, temperature-dependent chemical reaction in their fluid phase. The model shows an improved predictive performance in all its experimentation.
Keywords: Mass Transfer, ANN, Machine Learning, Prediction
This study is concerned with Synthesis and identification were performed on a new Benzimidazole derivatives produced from 4-Benzoyl-o-phenylenediamine. These compounds were made by reacting 4- Benzoyl-o-phenylenediamine with an appropriate aromatic aldehyde by microwave or heating a solution of the reactants under reflux. Synthetic compounds were identified using FIT-IR spectra, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.
Keywords: heterocyclic, benzimidazole, 4-Benzoyl-o-phenylenediamine, aromatic aldehyde, Green Synthesis
The application of digestate from biogas production could be a cost-saving and eco- friendly method of disposal of biodegradable organic waste and recycling nutrients for sustainable agricultural production. The aim of this study is to characterize solid digestates from eight small-scale fixed dome digesters fed with mixed organic wastes and operated on the semi-continuous feeding method. The physico-chemical characteristics, plant nutrients and heavy metals were investigated. The nutrients content and the physico-chemical characteristics of the digestates indicate that they contained significant amounts readily available forms of essential major plant nutrients (N, P, S, Ca and Mg) that can enhance plant growth when applied to soils. The digestates contained some micronutrients (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and Zn) as well. However, these digestates may only be applied as partial replacement for mineral fertilizers due to the low concentrations of some of the nutrients. The heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) were also present, but in concentrations many times lower than the recommended maximum guideline limits
Keywords: Biodigester, Digestate, Biofertiliser, Nutrients, Manure, Food waste, Macronutrients, Micronutrients
This study aimed to determine the stability of niosome vitamin D3 at two different temperatures, room temperature 25oC and 4oC, and to view the in vitro release profile and determine the kinetics model of the release. Niosome is a drug delivery system formed from surfactants and cholesterol in the form of vesicles that entrap drugs in their matrix. This allows the drug trapped in the niosome matrix to be protected from the influence of the biological environment, which can reduce or eliminate drug activity. In addition, in the presence of a vesicle matrix system, it often provides a modified release. From a previous study conducted by Audia et al., vitamin D3 niosome were prepared from Span 60 and cholesterol using the thin layer method. In this study, a stability test was carried out for 30 days at two different storage temperatures, as well as an in vitro study of the release of vitamin D3 niosome to determine the release kinetics model. The results showed that vitamin D3 niosome were more stable at 4oC than at 25oC. The in vitro release test showed the release of vitamin D3 niosome at 3.25 ± 0.2% for 420 minutes with release kinetics following the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model.
Keywords: release kinetics, niosome vitamin D3, Korsmeyer-Peppas
In this article, we solved the problem chemical modification of phthalocyanines and their application in the synthesis of phthalocyanine pigments and a the time in the world a lot of about this problem and in general, the synthesis of the basic structure of Pc requires the presence of phthalogene for the construction of isoindole fragments and a nitrogen source for the formation of azomethine bridges.
Keywords: Pigment, exothermic reaction, method, phthalonitrile, atoms, earth metals, molecules, sulfamides
The aim of this study is to obtain a biodegradable, inexpensive and highly water- swellable agricultural hydrogel by radical copolymerization of a starch-chitosan (St-g-CTS) hybrid with acrylic acid (AA). When examining the synthesized ((St/СTS)/PAA) based hydrogel using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was found that it has pores necessary for absorption and desorption. IR spectroscopy and differential thermogravimetric analyzes of the obtained hydrogels are investigated. The water absorption of the resulting hydrogels in distilled water and saline solutions of various concentrations was determined. Swelling in distilled water was 550 g/g, in saline solutions 60 to 127 g/g (0.9% saline solution). The dependence of the degree of swelling of the synthesized superabsorbent hydrogels on the molar ratio of starch, chitosan and acrylic acid, the amount of initiator and binder, the duration and temperature of the reaction has been determined. The use of synthesized hydrogel in agriculture helps to reduce the consumption of irrigation water, reduces the drying of plants, ensures the retention of fertilizers in the soil around the roots, and increases the growth rate and productivity of plants.
Keywords: Starch-chitosan, vinyl monomer, copolymerization, water absorption, acrylic acid grafting
Acne is one of the most common skin diseases suffered by humans. Antibiotics are the first line of acne treatment therapy, but the use of antibiotics needs to be reviewed because of cases of resistance. Lakum leaves (Cayaria trifolia L. Domin) is a plant that contains chemical compounds that can be used as alternative therapies, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins that function as antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of lakum leaf (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) as a natural antibacterial for acne therapy. This research is a quantitative study using the true experimental design method, which is measuring the clear zone of lakum leaf extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria found in Nutrient Agar (NA). The antibacterial test method in this study used the well method with variations in the ethanol extract of lakum leaves (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) with 4 concentrations, namely 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentration, acetone as a negative control and clindamycin 30 ppm as positive control. The results showed that the ethanol extract of lakum leaves (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The greatest concentration obtained in inhibiting bacterial growth was at a concentration of 100% extract with an average zone diameter of 20.5 mm for P. acnes bacteria and 21.5 mm for S. epidermidis bacteria.
Keywords: Antibacterial, cayratia trifolia, P. acne, S. epidermidis