A flavonoid with therapeutic qualities, astragalin is one of the least researched and has been utilized in Southeast Asian traditional medicine. The protective effects of astragalin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (AST-NPs) were formulated, optimized using central composite factorial design (CCD), and evaluated Hepatoprotective activity on CCl4 -induced liver damage in experimental rats. AST-NPs were prepared by the dialysis method.CCD was employed to study the influence of formulation factors, polymer concentration, aqueous organic phase ratio, and process parameter stirring time on dependent physicochemical characteristics, particle size, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE) of the drugs. In-vitro release studies, stability tests, and an evaluation of the formulation's hepatoprotective activity were all conducted on the optimized formulation. Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), drug loading, entrapment effectiveness, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro investigations were used to characterize the produced NPs. There was no evidence of a drug-polymer interaction, according to FT-IR and DSC experiments. The improved NPs show stability. The zeta potential of -25 mV, the %EE of 89%, and the mean PS of 118 nm of optimized PNPs all showed spherical and porous surfaces.

Keywords: Astragalin, Central Composite Design, Encapsulation Efficacy, Hepatotoxicity, Particle Size, Polymer Nanoparticle

The question of the organisation of NPK fertilizers manufacture with the maintenance not less than 40 % of nutritious elements from phosphorites Central Kizikum concentrated is considered. In the developed flow sheet use of enriched and washed dried phosphorite containing 17-26 % P2O5 is provided. At low maintenance P2O5 in phosphorite raw materials it preliminary is exposed to acid enrichment. It was shown the possibility that nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizers and nitro – ammophos - potassium can be prepared based on nitric and sulfuric acid processing low-grade phosphorite from Central Kyzyl Kum. The rough calculation of the consumption coefficients of obtaining nitro – ammophos - potassium and nitro-phosphate - potassium (mono- and dicalcium nitro-phosphate - potassium) at various CaO / P2O5 ratios in washed dried phosphorite with a content of 26% P2O5 was carried out. The triple fertilizers at least 40% nutrient elements are suitable for application in agriculture where their efficiency will have great significance in term of yield. The advantages of the developed scheme are suitable in terms of production of concentrated NPK fertilizer contenting at least 40% of nutrients, flexibility that makes it possible to obtain, except for NPK fertilizers, various technical phosphorus salts, large energy costs, possibility of using any kind of phosphate raw materials.

Keywords: phosphorite powder, washed dried phosconcentrated phosphogypsum, ammonization, nitrogen-ammophos-potassium, carbamide-ammophos-potassium, complex fertilizer

In this article, the production of garments from materials in the sewing enterprises ,knitted waste was reproduced and yarn is produced from them, and in the laboratory of the Department of "Spinning Technology" yarns were given up to 500 br / m. 4 different variants obtained for testing, 30% cotton fiber + 70% Cotton Waste, 45% cotton fiber + 55% cotton waste, 20% cotton fiber + 80% cotton waste and 50% cotton fiber + 50% sample of yarn was taken from cotton waste and its physical and mechanical properties were determined in the laboratory "Centex Uz " at the Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry.

Keywords: products, materials, quantitative differences, resource-saving technology, cotton fiber, yarn

Optimization is part of the formulation process used in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical preparations to obtain good and quality result, such as determining the number of drug substances. Aims of this study to determine the optimum hydrogel in the extract combination of pinang yaki (Areca vestiary Giseke) fruit stalk, gedi (Abelmoschus manihot Linn.) leaf, and goroho (Musa-Eumusa-AAB) banana fruit peels based on pH, spreadibility, and anti-microorganism. Extraction using ethanol was carried out on Pinang yaki (Areca vestiary Giseke) fruit stalk, gedi (Abelmoschus manihot Linn.) leaf, and goroho (Musa-Eumusa-AAB) banana fruit peels. The extracts were used for hydrogel preparation. Aim: Formula optimization of the hydrogel based on the weight of each extract was carried out using the simplex lattice design (SLD) program. Material and method: The optimization process was carried out on 13 cycles formulas with different extract compositions. The responses tested in the process were pH value, spreadability, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Results: The optimal concentration proposed by the SLD program was 0.50 g of pinang yaki (Areca vestiary Giseke) fruit stalk extract, 0.42 g of gedi (Abelmoschus manihot Linn.) leaf extract, and 1.08 g of goroho (Musa-Eumusa-AAB) banana fruit peels extract. The desirability value for the optimum formula is 0.706, which means that the response variable of the optimization process is getting closer to the predetermined target value. Conclusion: The values of pH, spreadability, inhibition of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans in the hydrogel formula predicted by the SLD program were: 6.44, 5.66 cm, 2.06 cm, 1.67 cm, and 1.59 cm.

Keywords: Formula optimization, simplex lattice design, pinang Yaki (Areca vestiary Giseke), gedi (Abelmoschus manihot Linn.), goroho banana (Musa-Eumusa-AAB).

Present value of colostrum in this current experiment, the animals divided into one another, is a good value in this experiment (45). The group of animals that were injected with cisplatin at a concentration (2 mg/kg) and the second treatment ((T2) A group of animals that were injected with cisplatin at a concentration (2 mg/kg) and dosed with colium at a concentration (2 mg/kg)) A group of animals that were injected with cisplatin Concentration (2 mg/kg) the group of animals that were injected with the drug 500) and the third treatment (T3) The group of animals that were injected with cisplatin at a concentration of (2 mg/kg) and dosed with colostrum at a concentration of (1000) and the fourth treatment (T4) the group of animals that were injected with cisplatin at a concentration of ( The group of animals dosed with cholesterol at a concentration of (500 mg/kg) and the sixth treatment (T6) and the fifth treatment (T5) The group of animals that were dosed with cholesterol at a concentration (1000 mg/kg) and the seventh factor (T7) The group of animals that were dosed with cholesterol (1500 mg/kg), after it was lowered in the excellent study in the first treatment (T1) when compared with the control and the rest of the groups, while the number of blood platelets witnessed a significant decrease (P> 0.05) when compared with the control, as it was noted A clear improvement in the values The studied treatments in treatments (T2, T3, and T4) were observed, dosed with the drug and tipped with colostrum, where the concentrations of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and CIF-reactive protein were significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the second treatment (T2) (T5, T6 and T7). An increase (> 0.05) compared with the first treatment and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the gradient, as the statistical analysis showed, a significant increase (P > 0.05) in the percentage of lymphocytic, monocytic and eosinophilic percentage compared with Taq and its ratio reports with the treatments The drug (T2, T3, and T4) with low concentration ratios, and from this we conclude the important role of colostrum in reducing the damage caused by the drug.

Keywords: colostrum, Cisplatin, immunity

This study was conducted to verify the presence of macroscopic and microscopic lesions and the accompanying changes in the blood and bacterial isolation to some factors that causing infection in the kidneys, in sheep with acute and chronic kidney diseases in Basrah province, during the period from November 2021 to April 2022.The results of the blood test for young and adult sheep also showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease for each of the (RBCs), (HB), (PCV), (MCV) and (MCHC), and revealed a significant(P≤0.05)increase in the (DLCs) and neutrophils and lymphocytes. In addition, the results of sheep serum tests as an indicator of kidney function also showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in both the level of urea, creatinine and uric acid concentration and a significant (P≤0.05)decrease in calcium level in affected animals compared to healthy animals, the bacteriological study showed the presence of anaerobic bacteria that cause kidney disease in sheep, including: Corynebacterium sp, Bacteroides sp, Prevotella sp. and Porphyromonas sp, each of them has an effect on histopathological changes in the renal tissue, The result of the macroscopic examination of the kidney samples taken from the affected sheep, including hemorrhagic lesions and hypertrophy with focal yellowish-white spots spread in the cortex and medulla. The microscopic appearance of glomerulonephritis and a large infiltration of inflammatory cells in different places of the renal tissue, especially in the interstitial region as well as between the renal tubes, in addition, showed the enlargement of the renal glomeruli and congestion of the renal blood vessels and infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells, The histochemical section revealed renal fibrosis as a result of the deposition of fibers and thickening in the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule.

Keywords: Pathological; Hematological; Bacteriological ; Ovine Kidney Diseases ;Basrah

Nephrotoxicity is regarded as one of the most important limitations of gentamicin used, in which it appears in 10–25% of patients treated with gentamicin therapeutic doses, beside gentamicin nephrotoxicity has been considered to result widely from tubular type damage of the kidney, therefore, this study performed on ten animals were divided into two groups equally; the animals of the first group inject gentamicin (100mg / KG BW for ten days twice daily, then the treated animal was euthanized on the day 11th of the experiment and samples from internal organs were obtained for histopathological examination; the histopathological analysis of the treated animals showed that In kidney ; there is area of dilated and vacuolated cortical tubules and increased cellularity of glomeruli with prominent mesangial cells ,while in the livers were had early septal and per portal fibrosis, and centrilobular enlargement of hepatocytes; In the thyroid gland there is the presence of micro follicles, also the follicles characterized by large cells and small lumen, some with proliferation; in testis; there are some seminiferous tubules with vacuolation of spermatogonea and reduced spermatogenesis, as well as there is a papillary projection in the epithelial lining of the epididymis, in addition, there is suppression of spermatogenesis and presence of spermatids in the center of the lumen; in the spleen; the red pulp is rich in cellularity with some pigment with prominent trabeculae and hemosiderin pigment; there are atrophic lymphoid follicles of white pulp; while in the lungs there are dilated alveoli with an area of cystic alveoli suggesting emphysema. In conclusion, gentamicin can cause harmful pathological changes in the vital organs of donkeys based on its therapeutic doses.

Keywords: Histopathological, gentamicin, acute toxicity, equidae

The present paper investigates the study of physical and chemical properties of the Euphrates River water, purification station water and network water (drinking water) in Al-Samawah city. In this study ten sites have been selected in January, 2019. The parameters measured were temperature, color, taste and smell, turbidity, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, PH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, free chlorine, chlorides, sulfates, total phosphates and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results of the study showed that the pH tends to be neutral in river, purification station and network water. The water is colorless and tasteless and odorless, and the values of total and dissolved solids and turbidity have decreased significantly in the water of the purification station and the network compared to the raw water of the river. The sulfate also decreased from 250 mg/L in river water to between (239-242, 235-246) mg/L for water of station and network, respectively, and the concentration values of total hardness, calcium, magnesium and chloride showed a differential change between river water, station and the network. The values of free chlorine were between (2.3-1.3) mg/L in the network water. The values of pH, solids, turbidity, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfates and phosphates were within the permitted standard specifications of the World Health Organization, while the values of electrical conductivity, total hardness and free chlorine, and the biochemical oxygen demand for oxygen in water of station and the network were slightly higher. The values of the BOD fall within the good classification of drinking water and household uses defined by the Iraqi standards and the World Health Organization (WHO).

Keywords: Purification station water, network water, Al-Samawah city, physical and chemical properties, BOD.

The hydroxylated chalcone derivative (HCD) has been synthesized efficiently utilizing of Claisen-Schmidt condensation of para-hydroxylated derivatives of both acetophenone and benzaldehyde using a catalyst SOCl2/ETOH. The confirmation and characterization of the chemical structure of the synthesized chalcone derivative was done using melting points, and Rf value as well as FT-IR. The in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity for the synthesized (HCD) was evaluated at different concentrations via Red Blood Cells membrane stabilization test and calculate IC50 value by linear regression analysis. Additionally, Ibuprofen was used as a standard drug in this study. The screening data indicated that tested HCD showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with Ibuprofen with the IC50 value of 1146.78±0.55μg/ml. The marked anti-inflammatory potential of (HCD) has been found as it effectively inhibits heat induced hemolysis in comparison to ibuprofen. The gained results encouraged to use the synthetic (HCD) as an effective anti-inflammatory agent instead of NSAIDs to avoid classical side effects of NSAIDs.

Keywords: NSAIDs, Ibuprofen, hydroxylated chalcone derivative, anti-inflammatory activity

The building materials industry in Georgia is entirely based on the production of Portland cement and concrete made from it, which is a particularly energy-intensive and environmentally harmful production. Considering the high prices for fuel and in the light of unfavorable environmental conditions in the country, the development of technologies for obtaining new alternative types of binders that do not require high-temperature firing is especially urgent. These materials can be geopolymer binders. The purpose of this work is to identify the possibility of obtaining and studying the properties of geopolymer binding materials of alkaline activation based on thermally modified clay rocks of Georgia, as well as geopolymers of acid activation using local industrial waste - dump blast furnace slags.

Keywords: geopolymer, alkali activation, acid activation, clay rock, dump blast furnace slag, magnetite

In our study we have a tendency to synthesized schiff’ base of bactericide drug sulphanilamide on treating with aromatic aldehydes like p-diethyl amino benzyldehyde and p-dimethyl amino benzyldehyde. The synthesized schiff’s bases were regenerate to its ion Schiff bases by treating with methyl group halide. The ion Schiff bases were regenerate to metal complexes by treating with metals like CuCl2, ZnCl2 and CdCl2. All the synthesized compounds were characterised by Elemental analysis, IR and 1H proton magnetic resonance. Docking study was performed to know the interaction of binding sites with protein receptor using MAO-B enzymes (PDB ID: 2BK5) and COX-2 enzyme (PDB ID: 5IKR) by Virtual Screening software for Computational Drug Discovery. Synthesized metal complexes were evaluated for antibacterial, anti inflammatory and antidepressant activity. Copper metal complexes showed potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. Significant anti-depressant activity was shown for 1A2 and 1B2 zinc metal complexes.

Keywords: Sulphanilamide, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant activity

Diverse NP formulations were allotted in drug development in an try to growth performance, protection and tolerability of integrated tablets. The destiny look at entails delivering drug/bioactive based totally on a unmarried nanoplatform poly lactic-co- glycolic acid (PLGA) for superior efficacy, synergistic effect, and reduced toxicity.. In this context, NP formulations that increase solubility, control release, and/or affect the in vivo disposition of drugs, had been evolved to enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic homes of encapsulated drugs. The goal of this effort is to put together and compare Poly (D, L-Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Nanoparticles (NPs) of Castalin, an anticancer agent loaded by solvent displacement method by stabilizer (poly vinyl alcohol). The nanoparticles have been formulated further to then characterized for percent yield, encapsulation performance, surface morphology, particle dimension, drug distribution studies, drug polymer interaction research and in vitro drug launch profiles. The set NPs were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, particle size, and surface morphology by Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction and in-vitro studies. FT-IR and DSC research indicated that there was no interplay between the drug and polymer. The morphological studies executed by using AFM showed uniform and spherical fashioned discrete particles without aggregation and easy in surface morphology with a nano length varies of 144 nm. The enormous quantity of news on PLGA NPs used as drug delivery systems during cancer management effects to see the potential of PLGA NPs used as drug delivery systems in the course of most cancer therapeutics and encourages similarly translational research.

Keywords: Nanoparticles; PLGA; Castalin; most cancers; goal transport sustained release

The widespread use of conventional antibiotics has contributed to the spread of several resistant harmful bacterial species. Therefore, we aimed to discover the new sulfathiazole derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, 70 new sulfathiazole derivatives were designed based on the synthetic possibility. From the 70 designed molecules, we screened potent 5 active molecules (Mol-1, Mol-5, Mol-6, Mol-10, Mol-13) based on the molecular docking studies on MRSA receptors and ADMET analysis. According to this work, the selected five molecules show good binding affinity with the MRSA receptor and drug-like properties. Moreover, these selected compounds were synthesized and determined their biological activity against MRSA and wild-type S. aureus. The in-vitro results revealed that the virtually screened and synthesized compounds displayed very good activity against MRSA and wild-type S. aureus. These findings showed us that Mol-1, Mol-5, Mol-6, Mol-10, and Mol-13 could be lead compounds to discover new antibacterial candidates against MRSA.

Keywords: MRSA, sulfathiazole, Docking, ADMET, Virtual screening

The emergence of multidrug resistance among pathogens has become a global challenge for bacterial infection treatment. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and antibacterial resistant E. coli is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide. Finding a novel chemical to combat antibiotic resistance microorganisms is critical right now in the world. In this study we synthesized five novel primaquine derivatives and evaluated their efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and antibacterial resistant E. coli. All the molecules show excellent antibacterial activity against antimicrobial resistance microorganisms compared to standard drugs.

Keywords: Primaquine, Synthesis, Antimicrobial resistance, MRSA, E. coli, MDR-TB

Calcinations of aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite) leads to a series of phase transitions. These phase transitions affect the properties and activity of the resulting aluminum oxide. During this work, aluminum oxide nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method with calcination of the resulting aluminum hydroxide at two different temperatures (600°C and 1000°C). The structural properties of the resulting aluminum oxides were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared analysis, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicate the formation of the amorphous γ -AlOOH and γ- Al2O3 phases upon calcination of aluminum hydroxide at 600°C, while the γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 phases are formed at calcination at 1000°C. Also, a change in the shape and size of the formed crystals was observed with the increase in temperature. The efficiency of the prepared oxides at different temperatures was compared in removing the reactive blue 4 dye by adsorption method from the aqueous solution and it was found that amorphous aluminum oxide is more effective in removing the polluting dye.

Keywords: Aluminum oxides nanoparticles, Phase transition,Calcination temperature , Adsorption

Nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary devices have greatly enhanced the quality of root canal cleaning and shaping over the last two decades because of its superelasticity. This makes them more suitable for effective instrumentation. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of awareness and current state of knowledge among specialists regarding rotary endodontic instrumentation. Methodology: An online survey of endodontists was conducted to determine their skills, attitudes, and understanding of rotary instrumentation. A total of 20 questions were included in the survey, including open-ended and closed-ended questions about use, favourite brand, and properties. Data was collected from each participant based on their clinical experience with the rotary systems in order to get insight into the thoughts of endodontists and ideas about the current technology of rotary NiTi equipment.Statistical analysis: Data were subjected to appropriate statistical measures and analyzed. Results: According to the survey, 39.3 percent of endodontists prefer both manual and rotary instrumentation in their practice, while 32.7 percent prefer only rotary instrumentation, and the key drawbacks for rotary endodontic instrumentation are file fracture (51.9 percent) and excess dentin removal (32.7 percent). Overuse was cited by 43.9 percent of endodontists as the primary cause of rotary Ni-Ti file separation, while complex root canal anatomy was cited by 21.5 percent. The occurrence of file separation can be reduced by using a handpiece with speed and torque control, according to 83.2 percent of respondents. In addition, 46.7 percent said that proper irrigation protocol helps to avoid file separation.ProTaper was chosen by 30.4 percent of endodontists as their favourite rotary file brand. Conclusion: Even though file fracture was a common occurrence among respondents, endodontists continued to use rotary instrumentation. According to the findings of this study, endodontists' implementation of new endodontic technology, as well as proper protocols and procedures, has significantly contributed to the progress of endodontic care by improving quality and reducing procedural errors.

Keywords: Ni-Ti, rotary instrumentation, file separation, root canal anatomy, quality of life, knowledge

Digital photography is used in documenting, evaluation of restorations, storage of images for future references and also other multiple uses. Direct clinical examination is the fastest, cheapest and most commonly used method of assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of two different composites by clinical and digital modes of assessment. Material and Methods: Three parameters, including color, occlusal marginal adaptation, and roughness were assessed in 30 Class I Light cure restorations using two different composites, in adults using the USPHS/Ryge criteria. All the parameters were clinically and photographically assessed. Due to the non-uniform distribution of data, Independent Sample Mann-Whitney U Test was done. To study the agreement between clinical and photographic methods of assessment Kappa statistics were used. Result: There was no significant difference in the colour, marginal adaptation and surface roughness between the two composites. However, Ivoclar Te-Econom Plus was better than Dentsply Ceram X. Also the photographic method was better for assessing colour and marginal adaptation. Whereas, the clinical assessment was better for surface roughness. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, there was no significant difference in colour, marginal adaptation and surface roughness between the two composites used. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to warrant the results of this study. Overall, the digital photographic method provides more information about the quality of restoration compared to clinical assessment.

Keywords: clinical assessment, dental restoration, digital photography, disease, health, photographic assessment, resin composite

Rest position, also called as inter occlusal rest position or freeway space (FWS), has been defined as the neutral position attained by the mandible as it is involuntarily suspended by the reciprocal coordination of the elevator and depressor masticatory muscles with the maxillary and mandibular teeth separated. The amount of freeway space (FWS) in any individual is mainly an expression of muscle function, its equilibrium and gravity. Materials and method: A total of 422 patients were involved in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted among complete denture patients reported to Saveetha dental college and hospital,Chennai. All the data were entered in the excel sheet and data analysis was done using SPSS software. Chi square test was used to find an association between the study variables. Results: Mean measurements of freeway space of edentulous subjects in this study were within the recommended range (2–4 mm) for edentulous patients. Among 422 study subjects, the mean age group was found to be 53.29 and 55 to 70 years age groups were reported higher in number(54.5%). The gender distribution of the patients were reported as 259 were males and 163 were females. The most common freeway space achieved during the construction of complete denture was 3 mm. Conclusion: The study results conclude that the most commonly achieved freeway space during the complete denture construction was 3 mm (42.65% of cases). The most common age group with 3 mm of freeway space was seen in 55 to 70 years older adults. It was identified that 1 mm (3.55%) of freeway space was commonly seen in 30 to 45 years indicating inadequate inter arch space during the rest phase.

Keywords: Freeway space, complete denture, Rest position, edentulous,innovation

Dental caries can affect the tooth crown and, later in life, exposed root surfaces, and can occur in both primary and permanent dentitions. Preservation of both primary and permanent teeth during the functional dentition period is essential for proper oral hygiene. Endodontic treatment is a procedure that is carried out to maintain the health of pulp. The outcome of root canal therapy is immediately dependent on proper root canal cleaning and shape, while the long-term prognosis of a root canal treated tooth is more dependent on obturation quality. Aim: The aim of the study was to radiographically assess the quality of obturation in root canal treated teeth in patients under the age of 17. Materials and methods: The study was carried out from June 2020 to March 2021 on 134 patients ( 79 males and 55 females) who visited Saveetha dental College and Hospital, Chennai. Data collection included age, gender, tooth number and level of obturation and association between these were obtained using pearson’s chi-square test. Results: In this study we observed that the majority of males (59%) under the age of 17 had undergone root canal treatment. Based on the age categorisation, 57.5% patients belonged to the 11-15 years age group which was the highest. In this study it is seen that the most frequently reported tooth for root canal treatment was the Mandibular molars (41.8%). Based on the quality of obturation, it is seen that the majority of the root canal treated tooth for patients under the age of 17 had been obturated at the level of apex (56%). Conclusion: In this study it is seen that, root canal done by post graduates was mostly commonly in Mandibular molars and the quality of obturation was at the level of apex.