Research Article
Photocatalysis utilizes photonic energy to begin the substance response. The absolute most continuous purposes of photocatalytic oxidation responses are contamination decrease, self-cleaning, and self-sanitizing items. Thus in this current review intended to orchestrate the copper (II) oxide nanoparticles utilizing citrus extract with co-precipitation procedures. UVVis spec, SEM, HRTEM, XRD, and FTIR examinations were utilized to explore the physicochemical properties of delivered copper (II) oxide nanoparticles in this review. As indicated by the Xrd designs and direct HRTEM estimations, the normal molecule size of copper (II) oxide nanoparticles was around 30-50 nm in the current review. The agglomerated circles were portrayed in surface morphological investigations utilizing SEM and TEM. The presence of copper (II) oxide extending still up in the air by solid tops in the FTIR range, and the absorbance pinnacle of the UV-Vis range uncovered a bandgap energy of 1.58eV. Antibacterial adequacy against S.aureus and E.Coli is additionally improved, restraining the microbes' development and MB color corruption is accomplished for 100 percent in 100 mins. In light of this review, the copper (II) oxide nanoparticle demonstrated that this material is go about concerning great materials for photocatalytic response and can be use in wastewater treatment in future forthcoming.
Keywords: Photocatalytic, copper (II) oxide Nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity
There has been an increase in the level of self-consciousness among individuals with regard to aesthetics. This has resulted in an increased demand for orthodontic treatment in recent years. There are several types of orthodontic treatment depending on the type of malocclusion. Each person may opt for a different appliance system to bring about orthodontic correction based on their preferences and esthetic needs. Hence this study was done to assess the patient’s preference for the use of orthodontic appliances. Aim: This study aims in analysing the preference of the patient to the different orthodontic appliance systems. Materials and method: This study included an examination of patients visiting our institution. The clinical data of patients aged 10 years to 50years was collected from the digital archives of our institution. Data like the preference for undergoing orthodontic treatment, the type of orthodontic appliance system that they are willing to undergo was then computed in excel format. The data was then processed and transferred to SPSS software where statistical analysis was done. Results: In the current study, about 53% of the patients preferred to undergo orthodontic treatment. 20.3% of the patients preferred fixed metallic appliances, 22.2% preferred fixed ceramic appliances, 9% preferred removable appliances, 16.6% preferred self-ligating appliances, 19% preferred lingual appliances and 23.8% preferred clear aligners. The use of these appliances by male and female patients did not show any statistically significance for all the appliances that were evaluated as part of the study. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, there was a positive approach to orthodontic treatment and clear aligner was more preferred among the patients.
Keywords: orthodontics; preference; type of orthodontic treatment; aesthetics, new insight
Review Article
Materials that are taken from plants or animals and used for replacing and repairing are known as natural bioactive materials. These materials may interfere with the formation of a bond between the material used on the teeth and tissue. Bioactive materials with unique properties are on increased demand in all fields, for long term usage. In place of dental materials also, bioactive dental filling materials are now widely used. Bioactive dental filling materials hold a lot of advantages. Bioactive materials mimic materials such as bioactive dentin, bioactive aggregate, bioactive calcium hydroxide, bioactive glass, bioactive polymers, bioactive metals, bioactive mineral trioxide, aggregate, bioactive ceramics and so on. All bioactive materials do have their own advantages and some disadvantages on the teeth structure. These materials do have some challenges like some materials are ideal for certain patients and vary depending on the restorative needs of the patients, as options and opinions vary with patients. The need for these bioactive materials is mainly because of its demand and reducing the effects of secondary decay once it is replaced or done in the patients. These bioactive materials have more advancements and will change the future dentistry with its emerging technology. This article summarises the concept of bioactivity and compares the various available bioactive materials that are quintessential in every field and showcases the advancements in this topic of dental materials.
Keywords: Bioactive materials; advancements; dentin; dental filling materials
Research Article
Oral cancer is a major public health problem in the Indian subcontinent, where it ranks among the top three types of cancer in the country. Oral cancer is defined as the cancer of lips, mouth and tongue.The difference in incidence and pattern of oral cancer can be due to an overall effect of ageing of population as well as some regional differences in the prevalence of specific risk factor.Therefore the aim of the present study was to assess oral cancer incidence in patients based on forms of habits. This study was conducted in the Oral Cancer Department , Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. The study involved 50 patients who were clinically diagnosed with oral cancer. The various forms of habits observed were Guthka,Pan chewing ,Smoking. Pearson chi square test was done to statistically analyze the data and to identify any significant level of association. The most predominant form of habit was observed to be Pan chewing(n=11;22%) Out of the total 50 patients involved in the study it was observed that it was most predominant in the males(78%) with Pan chewing being the most predominant habit(n=10;25.6%) More number of oral cancer with various forms of habits were observed in above 50 years of age group(n=29;58%) Within the limitations of our study it was observed that oral cancer incidence in patients based on forms of habits was observed in above 50 years of age with a high predominance in the males and Pan chewing being the most common form of habit. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to compare the efficacy of oral cancer based on various forms of habits.
Keywords: Cancer,Forms of habits ,Prevalence, predominance, innovative study
Denture stomatitis is a common oral condition of multifactorial etiology. Factors such as age,gender,oral and denture hygiene may play a role in predisposition to denture stomatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and understand the various modalities of treatment for effective management of denture stomatitis with respect to the South Indian population.Case sheets of around 26,000 patients were reviewed from March 2019 to June 2020 out of which a sample size of 56 patients were included. To eliminate bias all patients affected by the disease, who had completed treatment were included in the study. Epidemiological data of the patient along with their ongoing treatment was collected and tabulated in MS Excel sheet. The data was then analysed using IBM SPSS software version 23.The prevalence of denture stomatitis in females was 57.1% while in males was 42.9%. Age group of 51-60 years and 61-70 years was found to be equally and most commonly affected. Palate was found to be most commonly affected. The most common treatment modality used was pharmacotherapy using antifungal drugs.The increasing prevalence of denture stomatitis amongst the older population is a matter of great concern. The present study shows the prevalence of denture stomatitis in females especially in the old age population. Thus it is important to increase awareness amongst the patients regarding the condition and effective maintenance of oral and denture hygiene and to increase awareness amongst the dentists regarding the various treatment modalities to effectively prevent and clinically manage such conditions.
Keywords: Denture stomatitis, Candida Albicans, Denture hygiene, oral hygiene, pharmacotherapy, innovative
To analyse common teeth undergoing pulpectomy among children attending a private dental institution in Chennai, India. Materials and methods: Data regarding pulpectomy procedures in a private dental hospital which were completed between June 2019 to March 2020 were retrieved after analysing the case sheets. Data that was retrieved then were evaluated by 2 viewers. Incomplete cases or double entry cases were excluded from this study. Results: This current study showed that boys were highly prevalent for pulpectomy treatment compared to girls populations with percentages of 58.6% and 41.4% respectively. Younger children who are less that 5 years old were frequently undergoing pulpectomy compared to older children. Conclusion: Within the limit of our study, it can be seen that male children more frequently undergo pulpectomy compared to females. Mandibular teeth were more common to be treated with pulpectomy than maxillary teeth. Based on the group of teeth, posterior teeth were more highly prevalent than anterior teeth. Individually, incisors were the most commonest teeth being treated with pulpectomy in maxillary arch whereas first and second molars teeth in the mandibular arch. Clinical significance: The research highlights the most common teeth which require pulpectomy procedure in both the arch. In maxillary arch central and lateral incisors are most commonly treated with pulpectomy, while in mandibular arch 1st and 2nd molar is commonly indicated for pulpectomy procedure.
Keywords: Children; Maxillary central incisors ; Pulpectomy; Primary teeth; Posterior teeth, Novel
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a known to cause chronic tuberculosis with high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Genetic variability of the host determines the susceptbility to the tuberculosis infection. The present study was to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphism among cytokines, also to evaluate the effect of different gene combinations of IFN gamma and its regulating cytokine genes. Aim: To evaluate the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism associated with the genes IFN (+874 A/T), TNF (-308 G/A), IL-10 (-1082 G/A) among the tuberculosis patients compared with the healthy human controls, as well as study of IFN gene combination with IL-10 and TNF in Hyderabad region of the Southern part of India. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted, genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from both TB confirmed cases and from healthy controls. The association of single nucleotide polymorphism in IFN (+874 A/T), TNF (-308 G/A), IL-10 (-1082 G/A) was investigated by polymerase chain reaction amplification refractory mutation system. (ARMS-PCR). IFN gene (+874 A/T) functional single nucleotide polymorphismcombinations in TNF (-308A/G), IL-10 (-1082 A/G) were analyzed.A total of 155 healthy controls and 150 cases were included in the study. Results: We found TNF (-308A/G), GG genotype (OR- 0.423, 95% CI-0.262-0.682, p=0.001) was significantly associated with the tuberculosis incidence. No signficant correlation between IFN (+874 A/T) A or AA , IL-10 (-1082 A/G) G or GG , allele or genotype respecitvley in tuberculosis patients was seen. A multi gene combination study, we found combination of IFN TA In IL-10 AA hi (OR-1.63, 95% CI- 0.01-2.64, p=0.043) and IFN TA In- TNF GG low (OR-4.14, 95% CI-2.31-7.42, p=0.00) were associated with the tuberculosis cases. Conclusion: From our study we found that genetic variability TNF (-308A/G), GG genotype and multi gene combination IFN TA In IL-10 AA hi and IFN TA In- TNF GG low are associated with tuberculosis infection.
Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Cytokines, Single nucleotide polymorphism