Research Article
The degradation rate and kinetic parameters of carbofuran insecticide in tomato fruits were calculated. The degradation of carbofuran was found to follow first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constants for carbofuran were 0.082 day-1 and 0.073 day-1 for the recommended application rate (10 kg feddan-1) and for the application rate used by farmers (13.5 kg feddan-1) respectively. The half-life time (t1/2) values for the recommended application rate and for the application rate used by farmers were 8.45 days and 9.50 days, respectively. The safe application time of carbofuran insecticide for the recommended application rate and for the application rate used by farmers were after 28 days and after 35 days , respectively. Spectrophotometry was employed to determine the carbofuran residues in tomato fruits, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.039 ppm and percent recovery in the range from 92.87 to 95.54%
Keywords: Carbofuran, kinetic parameters, degradation rate, tomato
The fossils fuels are main resources of energy worldwide. Huge production of coal fly ash creates water and air pollution. Coal fly ash generally contains trace toxic metals like Ni, Hg, As, Cr, Cd, Ba, Mn, and Pb etc., so coal fly ash is considered as an environmental hazard worldwide. These toxic elements leached from coal fly ash into soil and water which contaminate soil, ground water and other water sources. In present paper is the study of water samples collected from different locations near fly ash disposal area. We found that the water samples contain hazardous trace metals in concentration higher than the permissible limits of drinking water standard. Coal fly ash and other constituents which are generated from coal can create harmful effect on environment, society, health and life. A better method is required to disposal of coal fly ash generated from thermal power plant in India to stop contamination of environment as it is a matter of great concern to human health.
Keywords: Thermal power plant; leachate; fly ash; pollution; human health
Amaranthaceae family is one of the largest and most diverse in the plant kingdom. While some of the plants of this family have important nutritional value, others are considered toxic and/or hazardous weeds and many efforts have been made in controlling them. But both categories were used by humans for traditional medicinal purposes, and some of them were extensively studied by modern science. In this review article, we will present some ethnomedicinal uses of the plants of this family, along with comprehensive literature survey of medicinal, biological and other activities. Information will be presented in tables for the convenience of readers, and many structures of natural products are presented. The extensive discussion section will focus mainly (but not only) on studies of active compounds production. This review article is about plants of this family in general and in particular about Amaranthaceae plants of our region. Conclusions and future research recommendations are also presented.
Keywords: Amaranthaceae, amaranthine, betanin, saponins, flavonoids, nerolidol derivatives, medicinal activities
An iron-modified lithium manganese spinel, LiFeхNi0.5-хMn1.5O4, where 0 ≤ х ≤ 0.4, has been developed as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries. Conditions for obtaining single-phase cubic spinels from Li2CO3, Mn2O3, Ni2O3 and Fe2O3 as starting materials have been optimized.
Keywords: Iron-modified lithium manganese spinal, solid phase synthesis, X-ray structural determination
Complexes of divalent transition metal ions Cu(II) and Co(II) of the formula [M(ABZH)(MBTH)Cl2(H2O)2], (M= Cu(II) and Co(ІІ), ABZH=4-Aminobenzohydrazide (L1) and MBTH = 2-mercaptobenzthiazole (L2)) have been synthesized and characterized. The structure of the two compounds has been assigned based on elemental analysis, electronic spectral, FT-IR, magnetic measurements and XRD. The thermal properties of copper(II) and cobalt(II) metal complexes in dynamic air have been analyzed via thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry(DTG). The kinetic analyses of the thermal decomposition for the two compounds were calculated by the Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. The obtained kinetic parameters display the kinetic compensation effect.
Keywords: Co(II), Cu(II) complexes, XRD, thermogravimetry, thermal stability
2,4-Dimethyl-N-aryl-3-furamides were synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dimethyl-furan-3-carbonyl chloride with aromatic amines in dry dioxane in the presence of triethylamine. The structures of the obtained substances were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were preselected via molecular docking to be tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of the prepared compounds was investigated applying the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The results have shown that the some novel furamides demonstrated considerable anti-inflammatory effect.
Keywords: Furamides, acylation, molecular docking, anti-inflammatory activity.
Based on the results of a quantum chemical consideration in the framework of DFT OPBE/TZVP and B3PW91/TZVP methods, the possibility of the self-existence of a chromium heteroligand complex with (NNNN)-donor macrocyclic ligand – tetra[benzo]porphyrazine and two oxo ligands where chromium oxidation degree is (+6), have been shown. The data on the key structural parameters and also, on multiplicity of the ground state of the given macrocyclic metal complex have also been presented.
Keywords: Cr+6, oxo ligand, tetra[benzo]porphyrazine, DFT method
Demand for biodiesel has increased over the years as a substitute to petrol and diesel due to its environmental-friendly nature and lower cost. Glycerol being major by-product of the process constitutes 10 wt.% of the products hence conversion of glycerol to value added products such as acetins in the plant reduces the production cost of biodiesel. The present work focuses on the transesterification reaction between glycerol and ethyl acetate over heterogeneous catalyst, Amberlyst-15(wet). The batch studies were carried out and the effect of reaction parameters such as reaction time (1-7 h), glycerol to ethyl acetate molar ratio (1:3-1:12), temperature (50-70 oC), catalyst loading (2-5 w/w%) have been studied. The maximum conversion of glycerol obtained at (G : EA) molar ratio 1:6, reaction temperature of 70 ˚C and 4 w/w% catalyst loading for 7 h was 97.71 % and the selectivity of mono-, di- and triacetins were 36.7, 60.7 and 2.51 %, respectively. This provides an eco-friendly and sustainable path for valorisation of biodiesel derived glycerol.
Keywords: Bioglycerol, acetins, transesterification, ion exchange resin.
Water deficit stress is one of the main problems determining the yield of many crop plants. The study of the effects of salinity on plant growth and development and the search for biochemical stress markers are of great importance in the selection of resistant species. Accumulation and antioxidant activities in response to salinity at different sunflower varieties constitute markers for genetic selection and improvement of plants in the face of tolerance to salinity. Electrophoretic analysis of zymograms of different sunflower varieties grown in a saline environment for 40 days revealed zymograms of peroxidases and esterases specific to varieties tolerant to the saline environment. Peroxidases activity extracted from leaves is augmented in relation to their involvement in the physiological process related to salinity tolerance. In susceptible varieties, peroxidases activity is decreased compared to normal conditions. Variability of activity and polymorphism of isozyme peroxidases and esterases in response to salinity at different sunflower varieties constitute markers for genetic selection and plant improvement in the face of salinity tolerance.
Keywords: Isozymes, peroxydases, esterases, leaves, salinity, sunflower
A novel nitrogen containing 4-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyleneamino]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione ligand (H2L) was synthesized by using an equimolar ratio of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. A series of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes was synthesized by using the ligand. The synthesized ligand and transition metal complexes were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectrometry, UV, XRD and TGA investigation methods. Spectral data suggests that the ligand acts as a tridentate SNO donor. Further, the synthesized H2L ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity. The results of biological activities showed that the metal complexes have higher antifungal as well as antibacterial activity as compared to the parent H2L ligand against the tested microbes.
Keywords: SNO donor; triazole ligand; transition metal complexes, antimicrobial effect