Classical chemical sciences
(4-MAPH)2[CuCl4] (4MAP = 2-amino-4-methylpyridine) (1) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The tetrachloridocuprate(II)(2-) ions pack in layers parallel to the ab-face of the crystal which are well separated by double layers of the 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium cations. The anions generate a square layer via short Cl…Cl interactions due to the C-centering. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions within the layers (J ~ -1 K).
Keywords: tetrachlorocuprate, antiferromagnetism, crystal structure, 2D-layer
A series of new tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (4a-j) were prepared by one-pot multicomponent, [4+2] cycloaddition route from 4- aminonaphthalene, aromatic aldehydes and dihydrofurane (DHF) by using InCl3 catalyst under reflux temperature and also, pyrimidine derivatives (5a-n) were prepared by the same route from benzimidazole, aromatic aldehydes and maleic anhydride by using piperidine catalyst under ultrasonic irradiations. The synthesized tetrahydroquinoline and pyrimidine derivatives were characterized (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR). The synthesized tetrahydroquinoline and pyrimidine derivatives have been evaluated for antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis and anti-inflammatory activities.
Keywords: Tetrahydroquinoline, pyrimidine, biological activity
New 2-substituted-4-(5-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-2,3,5a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives were synthesized by conventional as well as microwave method. Benzonitrile and sodium azide in the presence of ammonium chloride and DMF produces 5-phenyltetrazole; this on reaction with acetic anhydride forms 5-phenyl-1-acetyl tetrazole which reacted with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of the alkaline medium, to yield corresponding chalcones. Chalcones on further reaction with o-phenylenediamine yield 2-substituted-4-(5-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-2,3,5a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines (4a-4j). The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by physical and spectral characteristics by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity by MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration, broth dilution method) against A. niger and C. albicans. All synthesized compounds show moderate to good antifungal activity.
Keywords: chalcones; tetrazoles; antifungal activity; 2-substituted 4-(5-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)-2,3,5a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepines
We have developed a membrane impregnated with ionic liquid Cytos IL102/D2EHPA (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bromide/di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) for the extraction of Tb(III) from aqueous solutions at different pH values. Various parameters such as the mixing effect Cytos IL102/D2EHPA, the initial terbium concentration, the stirring speed and the extraction time have been studied. The amount of Tb(III) retained per gram of extractant (Cytos IL102/D2EHPA) is 4.37 mg g-1 for a concentration of Tb(III) of 10-3 M. The optimal yield was obtained at 240 min and stirring speed at 900 rpm.
Keywords: Terbium(III); trihexyltetradecylphosphonium di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA); trihexyl (tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide(Cytos IL102); membrane extraction; ionic liquid
Materials and environmental chemistry
Gamma-spectroscopy method has been used to determine the activity concentrations (in Bq kg-1) of natural radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples collected from Tsalka region of south Georgia. Based on which contents of radionuclides in soil (in g kg-1 and ppm) were calculated. In addition, concentrations of artificial radionuclide of 137Cs were determined, which has shown contamination character of study area. Based on the results of the analysis, some crucial physical values have been calculated, which are necessary for assessment of radiation exposure hazards for the population. Relevant conclusions have been drawn by comparing the results with previous work and recommendations of the international organizations.
Keywords: Natural radionuclides, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity, Tsalka region (Georgia)
Chemical and biological aspects of life
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are among the most important properties of plant materials used by humans. For many medicinal plants and other natural products sources, there is clear relationship between these properties. Despite the fact that some approved, commercial drugs were developed from natural products that possess these properties, published literature scan reveals a disappointing image, in some geographical regions, with rich flora, the vast majority of these plants were never studied for antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities. Expectedly, some plant families were extensively studied, while others, with some of the most common and widespread plant species, were almost totally ignored. In this review, we will introduce the current situation of studying medicinal properties of plants, especially antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on the central part of the Eastern region of the Mediterranean basin. We will also present an overall view of future research opportunities and scientific collaborations. These opportunities and collaborations must be based on systematic mapping of current knowledge.
Keywords: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plant extracts, plant families, current research, future opportunities, systematic mapping